Not just another one dimensional protein
Though scientists know that many proteins have evolved so that they will only interact with specific molecules, proteins pose serious challenges for deeper understanding. One reason is that proteins are extremely small and hard to isolate because they are usually surrounded by many other molecules such as water. Given these difficulties, how can scientists learn more about how proteins "hook up" with their molecules of choice?

Knowing that one of the key factors involved in protein interaction with other molecules is their three dimensional shape, scientists like Dave Ritchie of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, have taken to mapping proteins using sophisticated computer programming and mathematical techniques. For example, using a computer-based concept called a "Fourier correlation," Ritchie and his colleagues are able to transform proteins into mathematical equations which can then be transformed into three dimensional computer models like this one in which a loosely drawn protein (detailed only at the point of intersection) is shown interacting with another molecule.

Image courtesy of Dave Ritchie.